*References
Facts & Figures About Mental Illness
Editor's note: The following information was updated in January 2001 by NAMI's research department..

i U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1999. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, M.D.: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health.
ii Kessler, R. C., et al. 1998. "A Methodology for Estimating the 12-Month Prevalence of Serious Mental Illness." In Mental Health, United States, 1999, edited by R.W. Manderscheid and M.J. Henderson, 99-109. Rockville, M.D.: Center for Mental Health Services.
*Note - An individual is said to have a severe mental illness (SMI) when he or she meets the criteria for a DSM disorder during a 12-month period (excluding substance use disorders and developmental disorders) causing functional impairment. Functional impairment is defined as substantial interference with one or more major life activities including basic daily living skills (e.g., eating and bathing), instrumental living skills (e.g., maintaining a household and managing money), and functioning in social, family, and vocational/educational contexts.
iii Regier D.A., et al. 1993. The De Facto Mental and Addictive Disorders Service System. "Epidemiologic Catchment Area Prospective One Year Prevalence Rates of Disorders and Services." Archives of General Psychiatry, 50 (2): 85-94.
iv Manderscheid, R.W. and M.A. Sonnerschein. 1992. Mental Health in the United States. Rockville, M.D.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
v Friedman, R. M., et al. 1996. "Prevalence of Serious Emotional Disturbance in Children and Adolescents." In Mental Health, United States, 1996, edited by, R.W. Manderscheid and M.A. Sonnenschein, 71-88. Rockville, M.D.: Center for Mental Health Services.
vi U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1999. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, M.D.: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health.
vii Murray, C.J.L., and A.D. Lopez, eds. 1996. Summary: The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020. Cambridge, M.A.: Harvard School of Public Health on Behalf of the World Health Organization and the World Bank, Harvard University Press. www.who.int/msa/mnh/ems/dalys/intro.htm
viii National Mental Health Advisory Council. 1993. "Health Care Reform for Americans with Severe Mental Illnesses." American Journal of Psychiatry 150 (10): 1450-1452.
*Note - Treatment success is defined as a substantial reduction or remission in symptoms of the illness.
ix Center for Mental Health Services. 1998. Survey of Mental Health Organizations and General Mental Health Services. Rockville, M.D.: Center for Mental Health Services.
x Rice, D.P., and L.S. Miller. 1996. "The Economic Burden of Schizophrenia: Conceptual and Methodological Issues, and Cost Estimates." In Handbook of Mental Health Economics and Health Policy: Schizophrenia. Vol. 1, edited by M. Moscarelli, A. Rupp, and N. Sartorious, 321-324. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
xi Willis, A. G., et al. 1998. "Mental Illness and Disability in the U.S. Adult Household Population." In Mental Health, United States, 1998, edited by R. W. Manderscheid and M.J. Henderson, 113-123. Rockville, M.D.: Center for Mental Health Services.
*Note - An individual is said to have a severe mental illness (SMI) when he or she meets the criteria for a DSM disorder during a 12-month period (excluding substance use disorders and developmental disorders) causing functional impairment. Functional impairment is defined as substantial interference with one or more major life activities including basic daily living skills (e.g., eating and bathing), instrumental living skills (e.g., maintaining a household and managing money), and functioning in social, family, and vocational/educational contexts.
xii Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness. 1992. Outcasts On Main Street: A Report of the Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness. Washington, D.C.: GPO.
xiii Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness. 1992. Outcasts On Main Street: A Report of the Federal Task Force on Homelessness and Severe Mental Illness. Washington, D.C.: GPO.
xiv U.S. Department of Justice. 1999. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Special Report: Mental Health and Treatment of Inmates and Probationers. Ditton, PJ. Washington, D.C.: NCJ.
xv U.S. Department of Justice. 1999. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Special Report: Mental Health and Treatment of Inmates and Probationers. Ditton, PJ. Washington, D.C.: NCJ.
xvi U.S. Department of Justice. 1999. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Special Report: Mental Health and Treatment of Inmates and Probationers. Ditton, PJ. Washington, D.C.: NCJ.